test law ………

QUESTION 1

1. Consideration of mitigating and/or aggravating circumstances by individual officers is an example of the contextual framework of discretion

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 2

1. The tolerance for profiling often depends on the level of criminal activity that is meant to be averted. This is called__________.

   	a.	Balance of Harms
   	b.	Legitimacy of Suspicion
   	c.	Precision of Application
   	d.	Balancing Act

2 points

QUESTION 3

1. In 1996 what event significantly changed how our federal government treated unlawful immigration?

   	a.	War on Drugs
   	b.	9/11
   	c.	Voting Rights Act
   	d.	Bracero program
   	e.	The IIRIRA Act

2 points

QUESTION 4

1. According to the video on private police, what two phenomena helped drive the increased use of private police in the Detroit area?

   	a.	Government corruption and Federal oversight of the Detroit PD
   	b.	Ineffective neighborhood watches and Government corruption
   	c.	City bankruptcy and Federal oversight of the Detroit PD
   	d.	City bankruptcy and Government corruption

2 points

QUESTION 5

1. Which of the following is NOT an internal control mechanism police departments use to impact discretion?

   	a.	Training, supervision, and discipline
   	b.	Policies and procedures
   	c.	Early warning systems regarding officer behavior
   	d.	Civilian review boards

2 points

QUESTION 6

1. Neighborhood Watch volunteers, Target store detectives, and San Diego County Sheriff’s deputies are all providers of private policing

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 7

1. According to Gaines and Kappeler, a police officer’s decision-making process is influenced by offender, situational, and sentencing variables

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 8

1. Enforcement rituals used to address illegal migration may include:

   	a.	Immigration raids
   	b.	Neighborhood sweeps
   	c.	Border patrol checkpoints
   	d.	All of the above
   	e.	A and B only

2 points

QUESTION 9

1. How police departments allocate officers or geographic areas is an example of:

   	a.	Gatekeeping
   	b.	Administrative discretion
   	c.	Agency discretion
   	d.	Enforcement discretion
   	e.	Criminal justice discretion

2 points

QUESTION 10

1. As a result of heated criticism over the passing of SB 1070, the Arizona state legislature passed____________. This law bars race from being considered when deciding whether to inquire about a person’s immigration status.

   	a.	INA 287g
   	b.	Prop 47
   	c.	HB 2162
   	d.	AB109

2 points

QUESTION 11

1. When police officers have to make a decision in a case there is always a law, policy, or procedure that defines what action should be taken

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 12

1. In Stefan Molyneux’s video on racial profiling , he states that if people want to stop being profiled they should consider changing their appearance

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 13

1. A certain community has a population of 75% Norwegians and 25% Swedes. If 75% of the traffic stops are of Norwegian residents, this probably indicates an issues with profiling

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 14

1. In several videos regarding the immigration controversy in Arizona, we learned that two individuals at the epicenter of the issue have been Russell Pearce and Joe Arpaio. Pearce was a/n Arizona _________ and Joe Arpaio was an Arizona____________.

   	a.	District Attorney and State Senator
   	b.	State Senator and County Sheriff
   	c.	State Senator and undocumented immigrant
   	d.	District Attorney and County Sheriff
   	e.	County Sheriff and Pro-immigration activist

2 points

QUESTION 15

1. 1984’s Operation Pipeline was the first time any public agency had profiled individuals for characteristics that linked them to the drug trade

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 16

1. _______________ and _____________ are both potential benefits of utilizing private policing:

   	a.	Efficiencies through contracting out and Loss of ‘stateness’
   	b.	Access to specialized skills and Greater equality in protection
   	c.	Increased effectiveness through public/private partnerships and Lack of accountability
   	d.	Reputational concerns and Alignment with community policing ideals

2 points

QUESTION 17

1. The impact of immigration policy extends beyond the international border and includes Border Patrol checkpoints found along I-5, I-8 and I-15 freeways

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 18

1. Some police departments justify racial profiling because it is supported by their officer’s _________ and by crime _________.

   	a.	Attitude and Behavior
   	b.	Experience and Statistics
   	c.	Experience and Type
   	d.	Rank and Statistics

2 points

QUESTION 19

1. The legislative branch of government can impact the exercise of police discretion in what ways?

   	a.	Enactment of laws
   	b.	Allocation of funds
   	c.	Appeals Court decisions
   	d.	A and B
   	e.	All of the above

2 points

QUESTION 20

1. According to the Census Bureau data found in your PowerPoints, by 1990 most foreign born people residing in the US were from:

   	a.	Latin America
   	b.	Asia
   	c.	Europe
   	d.	Africa

2 points

QUESTION 21

1. In his TED Talk Baltimore police officer Melvin Russell claims that police departments have spent so much time focusing on protection that they have forgotten the service part of their mission. He wants police departments to consider the communities as their _________.
   

   	a.	Neighborhoods
   	b.	Laboratories
   	c.	Workplace
   	d.	Customers

2 points

QUESTION 22

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the important issues to consider when evaluating the existence of racial profiling:

   	a.	Scientific proof
   	b.	Precision of application
   	c.	Balance of harms
   	d.	Legitimacy of arrests

2 points

QUESTION 23

1. According to the group who evaluated the State Safety Association scenario, one potential risk of this proposition is the loss of ‘stateness’

   True False

2 points

QUESTION 24

1. According to Gaines and Kappeler which two types of crime listed below involve a fair degree of police enforcement discretion:

   	a.	Robbery and Domestic Violence
   	b.	Adult Pornography and Prostitution
   	c.	Theft and Prostitution
   	d.	Gambling and Burglary

2 points

QUESTION 25

1. In the video about profiling in Toronto, the term used to describe the Toronto Police Services stop and talk policy is:

   	a.	Field interviewing
   	b.	Frisking
   	c.	Chatting
   	d.	Carding